MEH p 13. Meryl Streep Speech, 2023 Princess of Asturias Award for Arts. Listening

Speech given by Meryl Streep, 2023 Princess of Asturias Award for Arts, at the Awards ceremony. 

Meryl Streep thinks that because she has played the roles of  many outstanding women she might be (1)____________ for one.

It's hard to quantify what actors do because of their  (2)____________/ _______________ gift.  

The most important part of an actor's gift is (3)______________

An actor's nervous system is (4)________________ connected to the character he plays. 

Meryl Streep has been criticized for (5)__________ too far away from her own identity.

 She believes it is an actor’s job to make each life (6)_______________  to the audience.

When we become adults we (7)____________ down our feelings. 

Lorca wrote his impassioned play on the eve of another (8)______________. 

Empathy can be a form of (9)______________ and diplomacy  in other areas. 

We live in an increasingly hostile, (10)____________ world. 

 

 



 

 

 

Key

1. mistaken 




2. shape shifting, substance-less

 

 

 

3. empathy 




4. sympathetically

 

 

 

5. veering

 

 

 

6. accessible

 

 

 

7. tamp

tamp down: to reduce the amount, level, size, or importance of something: 

As the price of gasoline rose above $3 a gallon, consumers cut their spending elsewhere, tamping down profits in retail, travel and other industries. 

The party retained power by boosting the economy and tamping down corruption.

 

 

 

8. cataclysm

cataclysm:

a sudden disaster or a violent event that causes change, for example a flood or a war

  • to survive the cataclysm of the Black Death

 

 

 

9. outreach 




10. volatile

Meryl Streep’s Acceptance’s Speech Transcript

Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, distinguished members of the Princess of Asturias Award Foundation. My esteemed colleagues. Ladies and gentlemen, amigos. I am so honoured to be here this evening to be included among these accomplished, generous talents in this beautiful hall which I feel if we listen, we can hear the echoes of the voices of many of our heroes of the 20th and this very young century.

It’s hard for me to imagine that I am here because I think sometimes that I have pretended to be an extraordinary woman all my life, that sometimes I’m mistaken for one.

But I am truly, truly grateful for this recognition of the art of acting, which is the work of my life and the essence of which remains very mysterious even to me. What is it that actors do, really? The actor’s shapeshifting, substanceless gift is what makes it hard to assess and measure what is worth to us, its value.

I know for me when I see a performance that speaks to me, particularly, I keep it in my heart for days or even decades. You know, when I feel that other person’s pain or their joy or or I laugh at their foolishness, I feel as if I’ve discovered something true and I feel more alive.

And I feel connected. But connected to what? To people. Other people. To have the experience of being someone else. So what does this magic connection? We know that empathy is the heart of the actor’s gift.

It’s the current that connects me and my actual pulse to a fictional character. And I can make her heart race, or I can quiet it in as a scene requires. And my nervous system, sympathetically wired to hers, carries that current out to you and to the woman sitting next to you and to her friend.

And in the live theatre, we can all feel as if we’re feeling it together. And it is easier to be emotionally connected to people who are like us. You know, it’s. But I’ve always been interested and pulled to understand that other counterintuitive instinct that we have to.

Understand strangers, people that are not like us, and the imaginative ability we have to follow the stories of people outside our tribe as if they were our own.

In my own work, I’ve been criticized, you know, for going too far afield from my own lived experience, from veering too far away from my own truth or my identity, all the accents, you know, the nationalities.

And I played a man once. But is it just a stunt to want to wrap my arms around the world, to want to wander and wonder and try to see through so many different coloured eyes and experiences?

I’m just a nice middle-class girl from New Jersey, so who am I to presume to wear the shoes of the first female Prime Minister of the UK? Or to imagine being a Polish Holocaust survivor, or an Italian housewife, or a rabbi, or the arbiter of the final arbiter of the fashion world? Because that’s not my area of expertise. Honestly. A great Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso, said to imitate others is necessary. To imitate oneself is pathetic. And another great Spanish artist, Penelope Cruz, said, you cannot live your life looking at yourself from someone else’s point of view. That’s my bad Penelope imitation.

So, I persevere in spite of the critics because I think it is an actor’s job to trespass, to appropriate another’s life, to embody lives that are not like ours. The most important part of our job is to make each life accessible and felt to an audience, whether that audience is in a small theatre in Malaga or whether they’re watching via streaming media from all around the globe.

One rule that actors are taught in drama school is that you must never judge your character. The character you’re playing judging makes you sit outside. Her experience and the bargain you make when you climb into her shoes is to try to see the world through her eyes.

Let the audience judge you. Make your own best case on her behalf. We are all born with fellow feelings empathy, a porous, shared humanity.

Babies will cry just on seeing the tears of another. But as we grow up, we set about to tamp down those feelings, to suppress them, and to supplant them in favour of self-preservation or ideology. And we mistrust and we suspect the motives of other people that are not like us.

And so we arrive at this unhappy moment in history. When I was in college, I designed the costumes for Lorca’s great, timeless play The House of Bernarda Alba, and in it, one of the sisters, Martirio, says, history repeats itself. I can see that everything is a terrible repetition.

And Lorca wrote this impassioned play two months before his own murder, on the eve of another cataclysm. That he could see from so high above that he had such a distance on events so close to his own throat, his extraordinary that he could express through martirio a wisdom that could not save him but serves as a warning to us. It is a gift to the world.

To act in such a play is to give a voice to the dead that the living can hear. It’s an actor’s privilege. The gift of empathy is something we all share. This mysterious ability to sit in a darkened theatre, strangers next to each other, and to feel the feelings of people that don’t look like us, don’t sound like us.

It’s one that we could all do well to take outside into the daylight. Empathy. Empathy may be a radical form of outreach and diplomacy in other theatres of endeavour. In our world, in our increasingly hostile and volatile world.

I hope we take to heart another lesson that every actor is taught. And that is it’s it’s all about listening. Thank you for listening. Thank you. And thank you for this. Thank you.

Related links:

https://europeantimes.news/2023/10/meryl-streep-princess-of-asturias-2023/ 

https://www.fpa.es/en/princess-of-asturias-awards/laureates/2023-meryl-streep.html?texto=discurso&especifica=0 

 

Well-written version:

 

Your Majesties,
Your Royal Highnesses,
Distinguished Members of the Princess of Asturias Award Foundation,
Esteemed Fellow Laureates,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
¡Amigos!,

I am so honored to be here this evening, to be included among these accomplished laureates, in this beautiful hall where if we listen, we may hear ECHO, the voices of many of our heroes of the twentieth and this our young century.

It’s hard for me to imagine I am here. Some part of me suspects that because I have pretended to be extraordinary people all my life, now I am being mistaken for one!

But I am truly grateful for this recognition of the art of acting, the work of my life- the essence of which remains mysterious even to me. What is it that actors do, really? The actor’s shape shifting, substance-less gift is what makes it hard to quantify, or measure. What is its worth to us? Its value?

I know for me, when I see a performance that speaks to me particularly, it can stay with me for days, sometimes decades. When I feel that other person’s pain, or joy, or I laugh at their foolishness, I feel as if I have discovered something true, I feel more alive, and I feel connected. Connected to what, exactly? To other people, to the experience of being someone else. What is the magic of this connection?

Empathy is the beating heart of the actors gift. It is the current that connects me and my actual pulse to that of a fictional character. I can make her heart race, or quiet it, as a scene requires- And my nervous system, sympathetically wired to hers, carries this current to you, sitting in the theatre, and to the woman sitting next to you, and to her friend as well.

We all feel as if it is happening to us at the same time. It is easier to be emotionally connected to the lives of people like us, of course. But I have always been pulled to understand that other, counter-intuitive instinct we have: to care about strangers, the imaginative ability we have to follow the stories of people outside our tribe as if they were our own.

In my own work, I have been criticized for going too far afield from my own “lived experience”, for veering too far away from my own ‘truth’ and identity. All the accents, you know?

But is it a stunt? To want to wrap my arms around the world? To want to wander off , to wonder, and try to see out of so many different colored eyes and experiences? Who am I, a nice middle class girl from New Jersey, to presume to wear the shoes of the first female Prime Minister of the UK? Or a Polish Holocaust survivor? Or the taste-making arbiter of the fashion world?

A great Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso said, “To imitate others is necessary. To imitate oneself is pathetic.”

And another great Spanish artist, Penelope Cruz said, “You cannot live your life looking at yourself from someone else’s point of view!”

So. I persevere in spite of the critics because I believe it is an actor’s job to trespass, to embody lives not like ours. Because the most important part of our job is to make each life accessible and felt to the audience, whether they are sitting in a small theatre in Málaga?, or watching via streaming media from all around the globe.

One rule actors are taught in drama school is that you must not judge the character you are playing. Judging makes you sit outside her experience. The bargain you make when you climb into her shoes is to see the world from inside her head . Let the audience judge. You make your best case on her behalf.

We are born with fellow-feeling, empathy, and a porous shared humanity. Babies will cry just on seeing the tears of another. But as we grow, we set about to tamp down those feelings, and suppress them the rest of our lives; supplant them in favor of self preservation or ideology, and to suspect and mistrust the motives of others. And so we arrive at this unhappy moment in history.

In college, I designed the costumes for a production of Lorca’s timeless play, “The House of Bernarda Alba”. In it, one of the sisters, Martirio cries out: “History repeats itself! I can see that everything is a terrible repetition!” Lorca wrote his impassioned play two months before his own murder, on the eve of yet another cataclysm. That he could see from so high above, had such distance on events so close to his own throat, is extraordinary. That he could express, through Martirio, a wisdom that would not save him, but serves as a warning to the future, is a gift to us. To act in such a play is to give the dead a voice the living can hear. It’s an actor’s privilege, and her duty.

The gift of empathy is something we all share. The mysterious ability to sit together, strangers in a darkened theatre, and feel the feelings of people that don’t look like us or sound like us, is one we all might do well to take outside with us into the daylight. Empathy may be a radical form of outreach and diplomacy useful in other theaters of endeavor as well. In our increasingly hostile, volatile world, I hope we might take to heart another rule every actor is taught, which is: it is all about listening.

Thank you for listening, and thank you from my heart for this great honor.

 

MEH p 6. The Life cycle of a Trend. Written Mediation

You have been asked to do a presentation on the life cycle of a technology trend. Write the introduction to the presentation using the information in the infographic below.  Use around 150 words.

The Life Cycle of a Technology Trend

1970s Vinyl records
1980s Cassette tapes
1990s CDs
2000s MP3 players
2010s Music streaming
2016 Digital music is overtaken by Vinyl records 




Sample answer

Technology trends are very simple at first sight: older technologies become (1)__________ (DATE) and (2)_______________ (ANACHRONISM), to be (3)_____________ (PLACE) by newer, (4)____________ (FUNKY) technologies, until they are (5)___________ (RENDER) (6)_____________ (OBSOLESCENCE) with the next cycle. In this way, the vinyl records of the 1970s gave way to cassettes in the 1980s. By the 1990s, cassettes were old hat and CDs were (7)________________ (STATE). By the 2000s, we all loved novel gadgets like MP3 (8)___________ (PLAY). But by the 2010s, we had cloud-based music (9)_____________ (STREAM) services like Spotify. Why limit yourself to the music you own, when you can stream every song ever recorded? 

But in 2016, the (10)_____________ (EXPECT) happened: sales of vinyl records in the UK (11)_______________ (OUTSTRIP) (12)____________ (DIGIT) music sales for the first time. The (13)______________ (NEW) interest in vinyl is a (14)________________ (POWER) (15)_____________ (MIND) that trends don’t always flow in a straight line from fringe products to mass-market (16)____________________ (BLOCK). It also reminds us to pay attention to the (17)______________ (DURABLE) of trends over decades, not just the (18)_____________ (TERM) ups and downs of the (19)_____________ (LATE) fads.


KEY



1. outdated

 

 

 

2. anachronistic

 

 

 

3. replaced

 

 

 

4. funkier



funky
: fashionable and unusual. E.g. She wears really funky clothes.

 

 

 

5. rendered

render:  

render somebody/something + adj. (formal) to cause somebody/something to be in a particular state or condition. synonym: make. 

E.g.     

to render something harmless/useless/ineffective     

Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake 




6. obsolete/ obsolescent

obsolete: adjective   /ˈɒbsəliːt/   /ˌɑːbsəˈliːt/  no longer used because something new has been invented. synonym: out of date.

E.g.

obsolete technology         

With technological changes many traditional skills have become obsolete

obsolescent /ˌɒbsəˈlesnt/ becoming old-fashioned and no longer useful.

E.g.  obsolescent equipment/technology 




7. state-of-the-art

state-of-the-art: using the most modern and recently developed methods, materials, or knowledge.

E.g.

state-of-the-art technology  

His new laptop is state-of-the-art. 




8. players

 

 

 

9. streaming

 

 

 

10. unexpected

 

 

 

11. outstripped

outstrip: /ˌaʊtˈstrɪp/ outstrip something to be faster, better or more successful than somebody you are competing against. synonym surpass.

E.g.

Their latest computer outstrips all its rivals.

 

 

 

12. digital 

 

 

 

13. renewed 

 

 

 

14. powerful 

 

 

 

15. reminder 

 

 

 

16. blockbusters

blockbuster: /ˈblɒkbʌstə(r)/ something very successful, especially a very successful book or film. 

E.g.

the latest Hollywood blockbuster

 

 

 

17. durability 

 

 

 

18. short-term 

 

 

 

19. latest 

MEH p 5. What To Make Of Students' Sexy Clothes? Extra Listening

 Listen to this NPR programme and fill in the gaps
Back to school teachers have to confront teenagers (1)________ to their (2)_______ summer styles.
The boundary between appropriate and inappropriate school clothing can be a bit (3)________.
Rochelle was late. She (4)_________ down the hall, saying: It's not me, it's my shoes.
Three-inch (5)_____ might slow a person down, but the rest of Rochelle's outfit — a (6)_______ belt buckle, black miniskirt and a (7)_______ purple (8)_____ .
The school had a (9)______/ _____: no (10)_____/ ______, underwear on the inside of your clothes, that sort of thing, but we struggled to (11)___________ it.
Some female teachers decided to (12)_____/ ______/ _______. As a (13)_________, we put bins in our classrooms full of '80s sweaters and (14)_______ from Shakespeare (15)______. If necessary, students could pull out (16)_______ to cover (17)_______/ _______ or (18)_______/________.
The teacher spoke with Rochelle in the hallway. "(19)_________, you are a lovely girl, but that skirt's too short for school."
None of my other teachers had a problem with it.
The teacher explained that they were (20)___________ rules that year and people were still learning the policy.
(21)___________, Rochelle went off to change, and the teacher (22)_________ victory. Rochelle's (23)________ skirts disappeared, then reappeared. Sometimes in (24)_________ her friends wore them too. They (25)_______/ ________ the costume box often. Clothing (26)________ other battles.
On day one, the teacher had chosen her (27)_________ as the most important thing about her and most certainly Rochelle never forgave that (28)___________. The skirt could have been from her favorite aunt. Maybe Rochelle had gained weight and was (29)___________ about its (30)_________.
The teacher remembers that excitement. (31)_________ were cool, but they encouraged her to walk down paths where her (32)_____________ was uncertain.

These days, however, the teacher believes she can (33)______ pride in her students, without first (34)_________ to shame.


KEY
1. clinging (cling to something/ cling on to something: (clung, clung) to be unwilling to get rid of something, or stop doing something. Sp. aferrarse. E.g. Throughout the trial she had clung to the belief that he was innocent. He had one last hope to cling on to. She managed to cling on to life for another couple of years.)



2. skimpy ((of clothes) very small and not covering much of your body. Sp. muy corto. E.g. a skimpy dress)



3. blurry (/ˈblɜːri/ without a clear outline; not clear. Sp. borroso. E.g. blurry, distorted photographs. (Figurative) a blurry policy)



4. wobbled (wobble + adverb/preposition to go in a particular direction while moving from side to side in an unsteady way. Sp. tambalearse. E.g. He wobbled off on his bike.



5. heels 



6. glittered (glitter to shine brightly with little flashes of light, like a diamond. E.g. The ceiling of the cathedral glittered with gold. The water glittered in the sunlight.



7. clingy (/ˈklɪŋi/ also clinging /ˈklɪŋɪŋ/ (of clothes or material) sticking to the body and showing its shape. Sp. ajustado, ceñido. E.g. a clingy top)



8. tee (a T-shirt.) 



9. dress code 



10. tube tops (North American English) (British English boob tube) a piece of women's clothing that is made of cloth that stretches and covers the chest. 

 

 

11. enforce (enforce something (on/against somebody/something) to make sure that people obey a particular law or rule. E.g. It's the job of the police to enforce the law.)



12. take the lead (start to act. E.g. If we take the lead in this , others may follow.)



13. deterrent (deterrent (to somebody/something) a thing that makes somebody less likely to do something (= that deters them). E.g. Hopefully his punishment will act as a deterrent to others.)



14. capes



15. skits (a short comedy sketch or piece of humorous writing, especially a parody. E.g. skit on daytime TV programmes)



16. garments (clothes)



17. halter tops (A halter top is a type of sleeveless shirt with the straps being tied behind the neck)

 

18. peeping thongs (A phenomena that occurs when a lady exposes her thong undergarments purposefully, or not. Also, when the distincitve triangle of a thong shows above a woman's pants with the strings also visible.)

 Thong: a pair of women's knickers or men's underpants that has only a very narrow strip of cloth, like a string, at the back. Sp. tanga.



19. Hon (short for honey (as a form of address). E.g. it wouldn’t interest you, hon)



20. tightening (tighten something to make something become stricter. E.g. to tighten security)



21. Reluctantly.



22. claimed (claim something to gain, win or achieve something. E.g. She has finally claimed a place on the team.)  



23. teeny (also teeny-weeny /ˈtiːni/ very small. E.g. a teeny-weeny insect)



24. solidarity



25. dug into (dig dug, dug (+ adverb/preposition) to search in something in order to find an object in something. E.g. I dug around in my bag for a pen.)



26. begot (beget, begot, begot to make something happen. E.g. Violence begets violence.)



27. wardrobe



28. judgement (an opinion that you form about something after thinking about it carefully; the act of making this opinion known to others. E.g. He refused to make a judgement about the situation.)



29. self-conscious (self-conscious (about something) nervous or embarrassed about your appearance or what other people think of you. Sp. cohibido. E.g. He's always been self-conscious about being so short. She was a shy, self-conscious girl.)



30. snugness (very tight or close-fitting)



31. Curves



32. footing (the position of your feet when they are safely on the ground or some other surface. E.g.She lost her footing (= she slipped or lost her balance) and fell backwards into the water. I slipped and struggled to regain my footing.)



33.  instil (instil something (in/into somebody) to gradually make somebody feel, think or behave in a particular way over a period of time. Sp. inculcar. E.g. to instil confidence/ discipline/ fear into somebody)



34. resorting (resort to something /rɪˈzɔːt/ to make use of something, especially something bad, as a means of achieving something, often because there is no other possible solution. Sp. recurrir. E.g. They felt obliged to resort to violence. We may have to resort to using untrained staff.)



Transcript
MICHELE NORRIS, host:
Now, for a back-to-school fashion critique. As students return to the classroom, teachers are finding themselves face to face with teenagers clinging to their skimpy summer styles.
Commentator Annmarie Kelly Harbaugh teaches at a high school. As she explains, the boundary between appropriate and inappropriate school clothing can be a bit blurry. And we should say the name of the student she describes has been changed to protect the teen's privacy.
ANNMARIE KELLY HARBAUGH: Rochelle was late. She wobbled down the hall, saying: It's not me, it's my shoes.
I could see how three-inch heels might slow a person down, but the rest of Rochelle's outfit — a glittered belt buckle, black miniskirt and a clingy purple tee — well, that could only be described as fast.
We did have a dress code: no tube tops, underwear on the inside of your clothes, that sort of thing, but we struggled to enforce it. One teacher put it this way: I'm a middle-aged man. I'm just not comfortable talking to a teenage girl about her body.
Hearing this, a few of us female teachers decided to take the lead. School was no place to be sexy. We would simply ask students to change their clothes. As a deterrent, we put bins in our classrooms full of '80s sweaters and capes from Shakespeare skits. If necessary, students could pull out garments to cover halter tops or peeping thongs. 

I even rehearsed speeches for that day: Before school, you have one chance to cover your body. If you miss, then it's my turn.
So Rochelle could not sit in third period English looking like Tina Turner. We spoke in the hallway. Hon, you are a lovely girl, but that skirt's too short for school.
None of my other teachers had a problem with it.
I considered this and explained that we were tightening rules this year and people were still learning the policy.
Reluctantly, Rochelle went off to change, and I claimed victory. It was a strange year, though. Rochelle's teeny skirts disappeared, then reappeared. Sometimes in solidarity her friends wore them too. We dug into the costume box often. Clothing begot other battles. I kept Rochelle after class to conference about disrespect or her low grades. We just never connected.
On day one, I had chosen her wardrobe as the most important thing about her. I don't think she ever forgave that judgement. The skirt could have been from her favorite aunt. Maybe Rochelle had gained weight and was self-conscious about its snugness. Or maybe Rochelle was just another teenage girl experimenting with an adult body.
I remember that excitement. Curves were cool, but they encouraged me to walk down paths where my footing was uncertain. It would have been nice to have had an adult, an English teacher maybe, who I could talk to about that.
As a high school teacher, I care about the images my students project, but I care even more about the reasons they are projecting them. When I tell a young woman her clothes are inappropriate, she hears she is inappropriate. That's no way to start a school year or a relationship.
These days, I save the garment box for Shakespeare skits. I can instill pride in my students, without first resorting to shame. I have Rochelle to thank for teaching me that.
NORRIS: Annmarie Kelly Harbaugh teaches English at James Hillhouse High School in New Haven, Connecticut, where today was the first day of school. 

MEH p 5. No Logos. MC Cloze

 

KEY

1 B 
Emblem: /ˈembləm/ a design or picture that represents a country or an organization. Sp. Emblema, símbolo. E.g. America's national emblem, the bald eagle. The club emblem.

Token: something that is a symbol of a feeling, a fact, an event, etc. Expression, mark. Sp. Señal. E.g. Please accept this small gift as a token of our gratitude.
 
Attire: /əˈtaɪə(r)/ (U) clothes. E.g. dressed in formal evening attire.



2 C
Flamboyance: /flæmˈbɔɪəns/ showiness. The quality or state of being flamboyant.
Flamboyant: 1.  different, confident and exciting in a way that attracts attention. E.g. a flamboyant gesture/ style/ personality. He was flamboyant and temperamental on and off the stage. 2. brightly coloured and noticeable. E.g. flamboyant clothes/designs.

countenance: /ˈkaʊntənəns/ (formal or literary) a person's face or their expression. Sp. semblante. E.g. her calmly smiling countenance. A young man of handsome countenance.


3 A
Scurry: /ˈskʌri/ to run with quick short steps. E.g. She said goodbye and scurried back to work. Pedestrians scurried for cover. Tuck in/ tuck into something (British English, informal): to eat a lot of food, especially when it is done quickly and with enthusiasm. E.g. Come on, tuck in everyone! He was tucking into a huge plateful of pasta.

tuck somebody in/up to make somebody feel comfortable in bed by pulling the covers up around them. E.g. I tucked the children in and said goodnight. 

tuck something + adverb/preposition to push, fold or turn the ends or edges of clothes, paper, etc. so that they are held in place or look neat. E.g. She tucked up her skirt and waded into the river. The sheets should be tucked in neatly (= around the bed). Tuck the flap of the envelope in. He tucked his shirt into his trousers.

Latch onto sb/ sth: to become attached to somebody/something. Sp. Agarrarse. E.g. antibodies that latch onto germs.



4. C 



5. D
price tag: a label on something that shows how much you must pay. E.g. (figurative) There is a £2 million price tag on the team's star player.

Flap: a flat piece of paper, cloth, metal, etc. that is attached to something along one side and that hangs down or covers an opening. E.g. the flap of an envelope.

Ostentatious: /ˌɒstenˈteɪʃəs/ behaving in a way that is meant to impress people by showing how rich, important, etc. you are.
 
Affectation: /ˌæfekˈteɪʃn / behaviour or an action that is not natural or sincere and that is often intended to impress other people. E.g. His little affectations irritated her. Kay has no affectation at all. He raised his eyebrows with an affectation of surprise (= pretending to be surprised).



6 B
accessory a thing that you can wear or carry that matches your clothes, for example a belt or a bag. E.g. fashion accessories to dress up your wardrobe.



 
Balloon (out/up): /bəˈluːn/ to suddenly swell out or get bigger. E.g. Her skirt ballooned out in the wind. Unemployment ballooned to fourteen per cent.



7 D


pioneer: /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ pioneer something when somebody pioneers something, they are one of the first people to do, discover or use something new. E.g. a new technique pioneered by surgeons in a London hospital.


uphold something to support something that you think is right and make sure that it continues to exist. E.g. We have a duty to uphold the law. The regime has been criticized for failing to uphold human rights.
 
Adherent: /ədˈhɪərənt/ a person who supports a political party or set of ideas. Supporter. E.g. Adherents of all religions. Slowly, we are gaining adherents to our cause.



8 C



dominant: more important, powerful or noticeable than other things. E.g. The firm has achieved a dominant position in the world market. The dominant feature of the room was the large fireplace.
 
Prevalent: /ˈprevələnt / that exists or is very common at a particular time or in a particular place. Common. Widespread. E.g. These prejudices are particularly prevalent among people living in the North. The disease is even more prevalent in Latin America

MEH p 5. Dress for Work. Listening

 


Listen to the interview and fill in the gaps.
1. A well-known firm of accountants dropped its requirement for staff to wear suits from its ____________.
2. Sue Turner is a senior __________ with a large department store.
3. According to Colin, the company is saying, "Look, guys, we're not ________, we're not stiff"
4. According to Sue, a professional appearance _________________ about the attitude of an individual and that individual's company.
5. Sue doesn't doubt the professional abilities of today's business __________.
6. Colin believes that this laid-back style is becoming more____________ not just in businesses like his, but in more serious enterprises.
7. Colin says that there is a growing ___________ towards men in suits. __________ in suits can damage the environment that commerce is currently trying to ____________.
8. Colin would far rather look and feel _____________________ and open-minded. Being dressed up ______________ doesn't deliver this.
9. He believes business shouldn't be a battle and there can be a thin line between _____________ and ______________.
10. Sue argues that her company sells suits to some of the most _____________ and ______________ individuals anyone could hope to meet- people who would never let themselves be ______________ by a suit.
11. According to Colin, wearing clothes you feel __________ in allows some people to work better.
12. Sue argues that if wearing a smart suit were ______________ to free thought and fresh ideas, we'd have discovered this a little earlier.

KEY
1. dress code



2. buyer.



3. starchy.
Starchy: / ˈstɑːtʃi/ very formal; not friendly or relaxed. Sp. Acartonado, ceremonioso. E.g. My boss has a starchy manner. Museums are trying to shake off their starchy image.



4. speaks volumes.
Speak volumes (about/for something/somebody): to tell you a lot about something/somebody, without the need for words. E.g. His achievement speaks volumes for his determination.What you wear speaks volumes about you.



5. moguls.
Mogul: / ˈməʊɡl/ a very rich, important and powerful person. Magnate / ˈmæɡneɪt/. E.g. A movie mogul. 



6. prevalent.
Prevalent: that exists or is very common at a particular time or in a particular place. Widespread. Common. E.g. a prevalent view. These prejudices are particularly prevalent among people living in the North. The disease is even more prevalent in Latin America.



7. antipathy.
Antipathy: /ænˈtɪpəθi/ a strong feeling of dislike.  E.g. antipathy for/ to/ towards:  She found it hard to hide her antipathy towards her senior colleagues.


chaps
Chap: used to talk about a man in a friendly way. E.g. He isn't such a bad chap really. Come on, chaps, let's go for a drink!



foster
Foster: to encourage something to develop. Encourage, promote. E.g. The club's aim is to foster better relations within the community. 


8. approachable



to the nines
Dressed (up) to the nines: (informal) wearing very elegant or formal clothes.


9. panache
Panache: /pəˈnæʃ/ the quality of being able to do things in a confident and elegant way that other people find attractive. Flair, style. Sp. estilo, garbo, salero. E.g. She carried off the performance with panache.



posturing
Posturing: /ˈpɒstʃərɪŋ/  behaviour that is not natural or sincere but is intended to attract attention or to have a particular effect. Sp. Poses. E.g. political posturing.


10 charismatic



free-spirited
Free-spirited: Independent. If you describe someone as a free spirit, you admire them because they are independent and live as they want to live rather than in a conventional way. Sp. Libre de convencionalismos, espíritu libre. E.g. The Irishman was a free spirit, a wild rover who would not be tied down. One set of parents are uptight and the other set are free spirits.



constrained.
Constrain: /kənˈstreɪn/ to restrict or limit somebody/something. E.g. Research has been constrained by a lack of funds. Men and women are becoming less constrained by stereotyped roles.



11. at ease
Ease: /iːz/the state of feeling relaxed or comfortable without worries, problems or pain. Sp. A gusto. E.g. In his retirement, he lived a life of ease.




12. detrimental
Detrimental: /ˌdetrɪˈmentl/ harmful. Damaging. Sp. Perjudicial. E.g. the sun's detrimental effect on skin. The policy will be detrimental to the peace process.

Vocabulary
  • Buyer: a person whose job is to choose goods that will be sold in a large shop/ store. Sp. Encargado de compras.
  • Come off it: (informal) used to disagree with somebody rudely. Sp. ¡anda! ¡no digas tonterías! E.g. Come off it! We don't have a chance.
  • Starchy: / ˈstɑːtʃi/ very formal; not friendly or relaxed. Sp. Acartonado, ceremonioso. E.g. My boss has a starchy manner. Museums are trying to shake off their starchy image.
  • Stiff: not friendly or relaxed. Sp. Acartonado, estirado. E.g. The speech he made to welcome them was stiff and formal.  
  • Speak volumes (about/for something/somebody): to tell you a lot about something/ somebody, without the need for words. E.g. His achievement speaks volumes for his determination.What you wear speaks volumes about you.
  • Mogul: / ˈməʊɡl/ a very rich, important and powerful person. Magnate / ˈmæɡneɪt/. E.g. A movie mogul. 
  • The tip of the iceberg: only a small part of a much larger problem. E.g. This figure represents only the tip of the iceberg, since as many as 90% of cases go unreported.
  • Grain: a very small amount. E.g. There isn't a grain of truth in those rumours. If he had a grain of sensitivity he wouldn't have asked her about her divorce.
  • There's no stopping us now (= nothing can prevent us from achieving what we want to achieve).
  • Trend: a general direction in which a situation is changing or developing. E.g. economic/social/political trends. There is no stopping the trend.
  • Laid-back: calm and relaxed; seeming not to worry about anything. E.g. a laid-back attitude to life. She's very laid-back about her exams.
  • Prevalent: that exists or is very common at a particular time or in a particular place. Widespread. Common. E.g. a prevalent view. These prejudices are particularly prevalent among people living in the North. The disease is even more prevalent in Latin America.
  • Fool somebody into doing something: to trick somebody into believing something that is not true. E.g. Don't be fooled into thinking they're going to change anything. 
  • Antipathy: /ænˈtɪpəθi/ a strong feeling of dislike. E.g. antipathy for/ to/ towards:  She found it hard to hide her antipathy towards her senior colleagues.
  • Chap: used to talk about a man in a friendly way. E.g. He isn't such a bad chap really. Come on, chaps, let's go for a drink! 
  • Foster: to encourage something to develop. Encourage, promote. E.g. The club's aim is to foster better relations within the community. 
  • Come clean (with somebody) (about something): to admit and explain something that you have kept as a secret. E.g. Isn't it time the government came clean about their plans for education? 
  • Dressed (up) to the nines: (informal) wearing very elegant or formal clothes.
  • Panache: /pəˈnæʃ/ the quality of being able to do things in a confident and elegant way that other people find attractive. Flair, style. Sp. estilo, garbo, salero. E.g. She carried off the performance with panache.
  • Carry off: to succeed in doing something that most people would find difficult. Sp. Llevar a cabo. E.g. it was dangerous, but he carried it off. 
  • Posturing: /ˈpɒstʃərɪŋ/  behaviour that is not natural or sincere but is intended to attract attention or to have a particular effect. Sp. Poses. E.g. political posturing.
  • Free-spirited: Independent. If you describe someone as a free spirit, you admire them because they are independent and live as they want to live rather than in a conventional way. Sp. Libre de convencionalismos, espíritu libre. E.g. The Irishman was a free spirit, a wild rover who would not be tied down. One set of parents are uptight and the other set are free spirits.
  • Constrain: /kənˈstreɪn/ to restrict or limit somebody/ something. E.g. Research has been constrained by a lack of funds. Men and women are becoming less constrained by stereotyped roles.
  • Ease: /iːz/the state of feeling relaxed or comfortable without worries, problems or pain. Sp. A gusto. E.g. In his retirement, he lived a life of ease.
  • Detrimental: /ˌdetrɪˈmentl/ harmful. Damaging. Sp. Perjudicial. E.g. the sun's detrimental effect on skin. The policy will be detrimental to the peace process.

MEH p 5. Onesies. Extra CLoze

 

 

Would YOU dare to wear the romper suit for grown-ups? How did CHARLOTTE KEMP's family fare when they spent a day out wearing 'onesies'?

Romper suit: a piece of clothing worn by a baby, that covers the body and legs.
Onesie™ /ˈwʌnzi/ a piece of clothing for babies that covers the top half of the body and sometimes also the legs. It fastens between the legs. 

Fill in the gaps with ONE word 

The woman behind the make-up counter at Chanel is giving me a bemused (1)_________ — or is it one of utter disdain? I have just asked her if she can suggest a lipstick to complement my outfit and she is momentarily (2)__________ for words.
The outfit in (3)____________ is, it has to be said, the opposite of elegant or understated. It’s a garish all-in-one from River Island. A riot of pink, peach, sky blue and green.
This unflattering garment, known as a ‘onesie’, is one of autumn’s more bizarre (4)________ and, to be honest, I can’t believe I am wearing it outside the house. 
But following in the (5)___________ of various celebrities, I’ve taken the onesie out onto the streets with my three daughters.
Even my husband, Tom, is trying one on for (6)_______ later. Yes, they make onesies for men, too.
If you are (7)______ to encounter one of these ludicrous garments, then think of a Babygro, add a hood, supersize it and you get the idea. Ridiculous (8)_________  they sound, they’re on sale across the High Street and the recent (9)________ snap has resulted in a surge (10)______ sales.
Teenagers love them, apparently. So do children. My daughters have been nagging me (11)______ buy them one for weeks. But I’m yet to be convinced that the adult version should be worn in public by anyone, let (12)__________ a 40-year-old mum like me.

Mutton dressed as (13)_______ doesn’t even cover it. It’s just unseemly. I feel ridiculously exposed. Because it is (14)_______ at the waist, I feel as though my trousers have fallen down.
Don’t get me wrong. Unflattering though it may be, a full-sized romper is certain to come in handy on cold, wintry evenings. We live in a freezing cold house and I can imagine (15)__________ up with the girls — all of us zipped up snug in onesies — to watch a film. Venturing out into the big, wide world, however, is another matter.

Continue reading



KEY
1. look/ smile/ expression (Bemused: /bɪˈmjuːzd/ showing that you are confused and unable to think clearly.  Bewildered, puzzled. Sp. desconcertado, perplejo. E.g.a bemused expression/ smile. She looked somewhat shaken and bemused by what had happened. Her bemused expression. He was bemused by what was happening.



2. lost (be lost for words to be so surprised, confused or upset that you do not know what to say. E.g. Sarah was now totally lost for words)




3. question

understated /ˌʌndəˈsteɪtɪd/ if a style, colour, etc. is understated, it is pleasing and elegant in a way that is not too obvious. Sp. sencillo, discreto. E.g. understated elegance. He's very understated and goes about his work on the field with great intensity and skill. The effect is a little like the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, very understated, just the names.

garish: /ˈɡeərɪʃ/ very brightly coloured in an unpleasant way. Sp. chillón, llamativo. E.g. garish clothes/colours. It's a little too garish for my taste.

peach: a pinkish-orange colour 

unflattering: /ʌnˈflætərɪŋ/ making somebody/something seem worse or less attractive than they really are. Sp. poco favorecedor. E.g. an unflattering dress. Unflattering comments.

bizarre: /bɪˈzɑː(r)/ very strange or unusual. Weird. E:g. a bizarre situation/incident/story. Bizarre behaviour.



4. trends/ tendencies 



5. footsteps (follow in somebody's footsteps: to do the same job, have the same style of life, etc. as somebody else, especially somebody in your family. E.g. She works in television, following in her father's footsteps.




6. size (try for size: (to see if it is the correct size). E.g. Try this one for size.)



7. yet

ludicrous: /ˈluːdɪkrəs/ unreasonable; that you cannot take seriously. Absurd, ridiculous. E.g. a ludicrous suggestion. It was ludicrous to think that the plan could succeed. He is paid a ludicrous amount of money. Ludicrously (adv) /ˈluːdɪkrəsli/ E.g. ludicrously expensive.

Babygro: /ˈbeɪbiɡrəʊ/ (noun™) plural Babygros. A piece of clothing for babies, usually covering the whole body except the head and hands, made of a type of cloth that stretches easily.

supersize (somebody/something) to make somebody/something bigger; to become bigger. E.g. We are being supersized into obesity (= made very fat) by the fast food industry. TV ads encourage kids to supersize. 



8. though 



9. cold (cold snap: a sudden short period of very cold weather) 



10. in/ of (surge: a sudden increase in the amount or number of something. Sp. repentino aumento. Surge (in something) a surge in consumer spending. We are having trouble keeping up with the recent surge in demand. Surge (of something) After an initial surge of interest, there has been little call for our services.) 



11. to (nag to keep complaining to somebody about their behaviour or keep asking them to do something. Sp. dar la lata. E.g. nag (at somebody) Stop nagging—I'll do it as soon as I can. Nag somebody (to do something) She had been nagging him to paint the fence.)



12. alone (let alone used after a statement to emphasize that because the first thing is not true or possible, the next thing cannot be true or possible either. Sp. no digamos. E.g. There isn't enough room for us, let alone any guests.I didn't have any clothes, let alone a passport.



13. lamb (mutton /ˈmʌtn/ dressed as lamb (British English, informal, disapproving) used to describe a woman who is trying to look younger than she really is, especially by wearing clothes that are designed for young people )

cover: include

unseemly: /ʌnˈsiːmli/ (of behaviour, etc.) not polite or suitable for a particular situation. Improper.



14. loose



15. snuggling (snuggle: /ˈsnʌɡl/ to get into, or to put somebody/something into, a warm comfortable position, especially close to somebody. Sp. acurrucarse. E.g. The child snuggled up to her mother.)

zip (up/together) to be fastened with a zip/zipper. E.g. The sleeping bags can zip together.

Snug: /snʌɡ / warm, comfortable and protected, especially from the cold. Cosy. Sp. cómodo y caliente. E.g. I spent the afternoon snug and warm in bed.