Showing posts with label Food. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Food. Show all posts

Ready for C1 p 113. A People's History of Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner. Listening





In Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner Clarissa Dickson Wright explores the history of breakfast and its best-known ingredients.



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What do you know about the English breakfast?

E.g.

hash browns: (plural) a dish of chopped potatoes and onions, fried until they are brown.




hearty: (of a meal or somebody’s appetite) large; making you feel full. E.g. a hearty breakfast. to have a hearty appetite. The men ate a hearty breakfast  Sp. los hombres tomaron un copioso desayuno

Listen and fill in the gaps: 

Our food traditions are what connects us most directly to the past. We take the rituals of breakfast, lunch and dinner for 1___________ as if they have always been there as we know them. But 2__________ the stories of our three main meals and you discover gastronomic revolutions, technological 3________ and sometimes, 4___________ realities. "5_________, that would cause really bad breath". Food is about more than just 6__________/ __________. The history of our meals is rich and complex and this is what I am 7_________/ ________/ __________/ explore. "Right, 8____________/ ________!
Breakfast is the meal that has the most 9_____________ history. The origins of the ingredients are 10________/ _________/ in our collective past. I have come to the kind of 11______________ where it still takes 12___________/ _________/ __________- the British 13___________. The full English breakfast is the best-known contribution to international 14_________. It is what most of the people think of as the 15_______________ morning meal. However, we can even find people having it in a biker's café on a Friday night. "You can't 16__________ a full English just after a long ride". "You can eat it during the day. Most weekends, we have a 17__________ of some kind". "I was accused by my wife of 18________/ _________/ ________ at one point.
The full English has become so 19___________, that people have it at any time. The story of having bacon and eggs for breakfast is 20___________/___________/ up with the customs of the past. Only after the morning mass could you break your 21_________. Having bacon and eggs has also a religious history although it 22________/ _________ almost by accident because for 23___________ half the days of the year, the church 24______________ people to eat meat.
When you could not eat meat, you would have to face something like for example 25________/ ________ which has been 26___________. "Do you think that 27_____________ would improve the smell?"
Father Tim Gardner is an expert on mediaeval religious 28____________.
"That is fascinating. I never actually thought of the 29_______________ on meat eating as being because meat was actually the product of obvious reproduction"
The most intensive period of 30______________ was 31_________. The traditional thing to do was to eat what you would not be allowed to, like pancakes, and bacon and eggs. "It is not just the butter, milk and eggs that we 32__________/ ___________ on 33______________ Tuesday. The day before used to be known as 34__________ Monday. Therefore everything began with a single day of 35_____________


KEY
1. granted  
Take something for granted: to expect something always to happen or exist in a particular way, and to not think about any possible problems or difficulties. E.g. Losing my job taught me never to take anything for granted. Take it for granted (that): You can't take it for granted that they'll behave themselves.







2. unpick: 
1. undo the sewing of. E.g. I unpicked the seams of his trousers. 2. Carefully analyse the different elements of (something). E.g.  Elisabeth did not want to unpick the past.








3. leaps 
(leap: a long or high jump. E.g. a leap of six metres. (Figurative) Few people successfully make the leap from television to the movies.








4. gruesome: 
/ˈɡruːsəm/ very unpleasant and filling you with horror, usually because it is connected with death or injury. Sp. repelente, horripilante, espantoso. E.g. a gruesome murder. Gruesome pictures of dead bodies (humorous) We spent a week in a gruesome apartment in Miami.







dingy:


/ˈdɪndʒi/ dark and dirty. E.g. a dingy room/hotel. dingy curtains/clothes.







seedy:  


dirty and unpleasant, possibly connected with immoral or illegal activities. E.g. a seedy bar. the seedy world of prostitution. A seedy dive.








dive:
 

a bar, music club, etc. that is cheap, and perhaps dark or dirty. E.g. The band played in every smoky dive in town.








5. Decay: 
/dɪˈkeɪ/ the process or result of being destroyed by natural causes or by not being cared for. Sp. descomposición. E.g. tooth decay (Sp. caries). The landlord had let the building fall into decay. The smell of death and decay hung over the town. The decay of the wood will spread if it is not removed.








6. filling up 
(fill up (with something)/ fill something up (with something) to become completely full; to make something completely full. E.g. The ditches (channel at the side of a road) had filled up with mud. To fill up the tank with oil.








7. setting out to 
(set out: to begin a job, task, etc. with a particular aim or goal. E.g. She set out to break the world record. They succeeded in what they set out to do.)







8. Dig in 
(dig in (informal) used to tell somebody to start to eat. Sp. al ataque. E.g. Help yourselves, everybody! Dig in!)









tuck in / tuck into something
(British English, informal) to eat a lot of food, especially when it is done quickly and with enthusiasm. E.g. Come on, tuck in everyone! He was tucking into a huge plateful of pasta.









9. mysterious







10. buried deep 
bury: /ˈberi/






11. establishment 
(/ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/ an organization, a large institution, a business or a hotel. E.g. an educational establishment. A research establishment. The hotel is a comfortable and well-run establishment. There are many eating establishments nearby.)








12. pride of place 
(take/have/give pride of place: in the place that is most central or important. Sp. en el puesto de honor. E.g. The photo was given pride of place on the mantelpiece. The certificate has pride of place on my wall. Pride of place in her collection goes to the gold medal she won at the 1996 Olympics)








13. caff 
(/kæf/ a café serving simple, basic food. E.g. a transport caff)








14. cuisine (/kwɪˈziːn/ a style or method of cooking. E.g. we spent the evening sampling the local cuisine)







15. quintessential 
(/ˌkwɪntɪˈsenʃl/ representing the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class. Sp. por excelencia, por antonomasia. E.g. he was the quintessential tough guy—strong, silent, and self-contained)







16. beat








17. fry-up 
(a meal of fried food, such as bacon and eggs. E.g. It's not good for your heart to eat too many fry-ups.)








18. living on them 
(live on something (often disapproving) to eat only or a lot of a particular type of food. E.g. She lives on burgers.








19. iconic 
/aɪˈkɒnɪk/ acting as a sign or symbol of something. E.g. His photographs have become iconic images of war.








20. intricately bound 
Intricately: /ˈɪntrɪkətli/ very complicated or detailed.
Bound up with something closely connected with something. E.g. From that moment my life became inextricably (impossible to separate) bound up with hers.








21. fast 
(a period during which you do not eat food, especially for religious or health reasons. E.g. to go on a fast. To break (= end) your fast.








22. came about 
(come about to happen. E.g. Can you tell me how the accident came about?)








23. roughly 
(/ˈrʌfli/ approximately but not exactly)








24. forbade
/fə ˈbæd / /fəˈbeɪd/  (forbid, forbade, forbidden)








25. salt fish 
(fish that has been preserved in salt) 








26. soaked 
/səʊkt/ (soak to put something in liquid for a time so that it becomes completely wet. E.g. I usually soak the beans overnight.) 








27. grace 
( a short prayer that is usually said before a meal to thank God for the food. Let's say grace.) 








28. strictures 
(stricture /ˈstrɪktʃə(r)/ a rule or situation that restricts your behaviour. Restriction. E.g. strictures against civil servants expressing political opinions. The strictures imposed by the British Board of Film Censors) 








29. constrictions 
/kənˈstrɪkʃn/ (limitations, restrictions)







30. abstinence








31. Lent 








32. use up 
(use something up: to use all of something so that there is none left. E.g. Making soup is a good way of using up leftover vegetables.)








33. Shrove 
/ˌʃrəʊv/ (Shrove Tuesday the day before the beginning of Lent. Mardi Gras /ˌmɑːdi ˈɡrɑː/. Pancake Day) 
Shrove Tuesday 
Origin: (c. 1500) is from practice of celebration and merrymaking before going to confession at the beginning of Lent. Related to shrive:

shrive: (shrive, shrove/shrived, shriven/shrived)(of a priest) hear the confession of, assign penance to, and absolve.E.g. ‘none of the priests knew English or French enough to shrive the king’








34. Collop 
/ˈkɒləp/ a slice of meat E.g. three collops of bacon.

rasher: 



a thin slice of bacon (= meat from the back or sides of a pig). E.g. a fried egg and two rashers of bacon. a thick rasher of bacon.







35. indulgence 
/ɪnˈdʌldʒəns/ the state or act of having or doing whatever you want; the state of allowing somebody to have or do whatever they want. E.g. to lead a life of indulgence. Avoid excessive indulgence in sweets and canned drinks. The menu offers a temptation to over-indulgence. There is no limit to the indulgence he shows to his grandchildren.


Open World p 34. A Contribution To a Guidebook On Food Trends. Word Formation

 

A new year means new food and certain trends guide the global food industry. It is traditional. This inexact science, a blend of research, intuition and (1)_____________ (WISH) thinking might, depending on your point of view, seem either (2)_________ (HARM) or ridiculous. But it has been lucrative for many businesses. People follow the latest fads. When Instagrammable stuff gets old, they (3)__________ (INSTINCT) look for the next thing.

Special occasion dining

When we do dine in, it will be (4)___________ (MEMORY). More exclusive types of dining experiences in the dining room—think tasting menus, private dining experiences that go above and beyond with ingredients and access. People will go out for a truly (5)_____________ (FORGET) dining experience where they feel safe and can expect an experience (6)____________ (LIKE) anything they’ve had before. Dining out is starting to feel really special again—tasting menus with wine are an example.

This year will bring two (7)______________ (POLARISE) approaches to dining. One that embraces the need for simpler, comforting and soul-(8)__________ (NOURISH) cuisine and the other that functions as an escape and embraces (9)____________ (FRIVOLOUS)—allowing patrons to be both fancy and indulgent.

Individualized tasting menus

As diners feel more and more comfortable going out, the same old menus just won't cut it any more. Dining out will really become something (10)_______________ (SEEK) out for a unique experience. They want something created just for them, making it truly a reason to get out of the house and celebrate.

Small-group private dining will become more (11)_______________ (PREVAIL). Restaurants that can provide safe, intimate spaces for small groups will be more (12)___________ (SUCCESS).

 

At-home restaurant experiences

This year many restaurants across the globe had to quickly pivot towards expanding into takeout and (13)___________ (DELIVER), and this trend is not going away any time soon. It will evolve as chefs are creating new and interesting ways to bring the restaurant experience to life at home for guests. At our restaurants, paella became one of the most popular items on the to-go menus. The paella pan fits perfectly into a pizza box, while keeping the rice hot, so you had this element of presentation you'd get in the restaurant.

Restaurant-style meals (14)___________ (PACKAGE) for the family will definitely keep trending in the year to come. Plant-based, healthy vegetarian dishes with (15)__________ (SEASON) ingredients and global flavour are here to stay in the future. (16)______________ (WONDER) curated meals with soul, taste, and creativity can be picked up at a favourite restaurant and ready on the table in a split second.

 

More virtual cooking classes

Online, chef-driven virtual cooking classes will continue to expand this year. Many people will keep this fun way to get together with friends and family and be entertained at home while preparing a good meal and cooking along with a chef.

With everyone having been hunkered down, more and more people started cultivating their own food resources and began cooking more as well. There is a (17)_________ (THIRSTY) for knowledge again that we saw 10 years ago where cooking classes were really popular. 

Condiments

With so many more people preparing more meals and washing more dishes than they have in decades, cooking with condiments and sauces will be a big trend. Whether you make your own chimichurri or sauerkraut or buy chili crisp by the bag-load, adding pre-prepared flavour to simple ingredients means dinner comes together easier and is often more exciting to eat. Plus condiments often have long shelf lives and can be stretched over a number of meals.

Comfort food

The trends are going towards comfort and (18)___________ (SIMPLE). This is due to the pandemic, and everyone looking for a sense of comfort and (19)_________ (NORMAL). Anything that reminds them of what it used to be like. Classic pizzas (no pineapple), burgers without a bunch of crazy (20)___________ (TOP), real tacos (not fancy wraps), old-fashioned barbecue, mac and cheese, country fried steak, fried catfish, biscuits and gravy … you name it, as long as it tastes good, someone else makes it, and it’s not at your house!

TLC

Without perspective and acts of (21)____________ (KIND), we won’t move forward as a society. No longer is it appropriate and enough to treat customers coldly and (22)_______________ (PERSON). If you can connect someone to a venue, a publication, a brand opportunity etc., that might be the very thing that helps a business or a person survive.

More fermenting, preserving, and canning

 (23)________________ (FERMENT) is becoming really big again, same with canning and preserving. We saw a huge climb in this technique during COVID (24)______________ (LOCK), and it allowed us to still be able to support our farms. We were able to buy ingredients farmers had on-hand. We spent a lot of time indoors, so we canned, preserved, pickled and fermented as much as we could. I think a lot of us fell in love again with this way of preparing food.

Restaurant industry overhaul

Restaurants need to (25)____________ (UNDER) a complete transformation because they currently are unstable and (26)_________________ (SUSTAIN). This truth has been being realized for years and reached its current zenith during the pandemic. What has emerged from the trauma and turmoil of our (27)______________ (COLLECT) stresses has been restaurants pivoting towards models that are more hybrid, take out, and curated (28)___________ (GROCER). This change is quite (29)____________ (POSSIBILITY) permanent. These models are an evolution that is at the vanguard of what's possible. We have seen a refocus on community and combating food access. Politics and social (30)_____________ (HIERARCHICAL) that have clouded that purpose are being put to bed in favour of an (31)_______________ (AWAKE) to a universal realization. That food and the service of it are an integral part of our being and not a luxury. While elegant dishes and the (32)____________________ (BEAUTY) of food is not going anywhere—nor should it—we find that food is becoming (33)_____________ (APPROACH) and (34)______________ (EGALITARIANISM) again. Community (35)___________ (REACH) and (36)_________________ (CHARITY) initiatives will be part and parcel of the new model. One can hope that one of the gifts of this (37)_____________ (TUMULT) pandemic years will be a more (38)____________ (EQUITABLY) future. Many (39)____________ (VULNERABLE) in restaurants were exposed, but we also came together like never before.

There will be an emphasis on practices to support the health and vitality of the restaurant industry, including an examination of overall price and tipping structures. Businesses will have continued conversations with consumers on how they can help promote (40)____________ (SUSTAIN) in the industry. We’ll see even more (41)___________ (RELY) on local sourcing and investing in the local economy. Chef collaboration and conversations to promote greater understanding of culture and cooking. 

Destination restaurants

Given the current circumstances of things, it seems that more and more people will be looking to seek refuge from the city and search out dining destinations in more (42)_______________ (SECLUSION) areas where they can have a high quality experience with a bit more space to themselves. Between the need for open spaces and restrictions on international travel, domestic and drive-to destinations will become much more popular.
 

Hygiene precautions

Even after everyone’s vaccinated, we won't see restaurants overbooking and (43)_________ (CRAM) as many guests in as possible for a few years at least. (44)___________ (SANITISE), spacing, and an overall concern for the guests' comfort levels will remain a high priority. 

All we know is that we are (45)______________ (AWARENESS) of what the future holds in store. This pandemic has been tough, and the (46)_____________ (DEVASTATE) to small businesses is too great to measure at this moment. However, as we've seen throughout history possibly the greatest (47)______________ (INNOVATE) and evolution will happen after tragic and (48)_____________ (TRAUMA) events. 



KEY

 1. wishful

 

 

 

2. harmless

 

 

3. instinctively 

 

 

4. memorable 

 

 

 

5. unforgettable

 

 

 

6. unlike 

 

 

 

7. polarising 

 

 

 

8. nourishing 

 

 

 

9. frivolousness/ frivolity

the quality of behaving in a silly way and not taking anything seriously: We can't completely blame young people for their frivolousness. They criticised the frivolousness of the entertainment industry
 
 
 
10. sought 
 
 
 
11. prevalent
prevalent: common, widespread  
 
 
 
12. successful 
 
 
 
13. delivery 
 
 
 
14. packaged 
 
 
 
15. seasonal 
 
 
 
16. Wonderfully  
 
 
 
17. thirst
 
 
 
18. simplicity  

 

 

 

19. normality

 

 

 

20. toppings 

 

 

 

21. kindness 

 

 

 

22. impersonally 

 

 

 

23. Fermentation 

 

 

 

24. lockdowns 

 

 

 

25.undergo

 

 

 

26. unsustainable

 

 

 

27. collective

 

 

 

28. groceries

 

 

 

29. possibly

 

 

 

30. hierarchy

 

 

 

31. awakening

 

 

 

32. beautification

 

 

 

33. approachable

 

 

 

34. egalitarian

 

 

 

35. outreach

 

 

 

36. charitable

 

 

 

37. tumultuous

 

 

 

38. equitable

 

 

 

39. vulnerabilities

 

 

 

40. sustainability

 

 

 

41. reliance

 

 

 

42. secluded

 

 

 

43. cramming 

 

 

 

44. Sanitation 

 

 

 

45.unaware

 

 

 

46. devastation

 

 

 

 

47. innovations

 

 

 

48. traumatic