Link:
https://youtu.be/ABOyEFDYY7U?si=Leli5N_812NhDqCg&t=559
'9''20
Fill in the gaps with a word or phrase:
Not only did the promotion of appliances help balance (1)_____________, but they also had much wider social consequences.
In the 1930s, between 20 and 30 % of women’s (2)__________________ was in domestic service. However, by the (3)___________ ‘50s, that had virtually disappeared. While all households (4)_______________ domestic equipment so middle class households were losing their servants. As a consequence, middle class women ended up doing a lot more domestic work than they (5)__________________. For example there were stairs (6) _________, a hall (7)_______________ clothes to wash, and all that without a (8)_______________.
Using a (9)_________________ became more strenuous than never (10)_______________. Nevertheless, for working class women it beat (11)_____________________ hands down.
People were helped to avoid (12)______________ in the home and to (13)_____________ a career.
By the 1960s the society was much more (14)_____________. That is to say, working class women and middle class women were doing pretty much the same amount of (15)_____________________.
And by the 1990s, thanks to technological improvements in domestic equipment, the time spent on (16)____________________ by women of all classes had halved.
Bob didn't learn to use the washing machine or to (17)_________________.
Even though things have improved, women still bear the lion's share of the housework. There seem to be universal norms that prohibit (18)_________________.
Although some men were (19)_____________ domestic appliances, they found the (20)_______________ enormously appealing.
The fact that there was an increase in home ownership coupled with a (21)_________________ tradesmen kick-started a DIY epidemic.
When an electric wire was damaged by a power drill on Christmas Eve it caused (22)________________.
KEY
mid to late
were acquiring
had done previously
to sweep
to polish
daily
Daily: (also daily help) (old-fashioned, BrE) a person employed to come to sb’s house each day to clean it and do other jobs
Beat beat, beaten: defeat
Dustpan: a small flat container with a handle into which dust is brushed from the floor.
Win (sth) hands down(informal): to win sth very easily.
12. drudgery
Drudgery: hard boring work (Sp. trabajo pesado)
13. pursue
Pursue: try to achieve sth
14. egalitarian
15. core domestic work
Core: most important; main or essential
16. household chores
17. iron (either)
18. male laundry
19. wary of
Wary: /ˈweəri/ cautious. Careful when dealing with sb/sth because you think that there may be a danger or problem. (Sp. cauteloso)
20. electric/power drill
Appeal: a quality that makes sb/sth attractive or interesting (Sp. atractivo, encanto)
21. scarcity of /ˈskeəsəti/
Scarcity: if there is a scarcity of sth, there is not enough of it and it is difficult to obtain it. Shortage (Sp. escasez)
Tradesman: shopkeeper (Sp. comerciante). A skilled person (Sp. artesano).
Kick-start: to do sth to help a process or project start more quickly. E.g. The government’s attempt to kick-start the economy has failed (Activar)
22. mayhem
Mayhem: confusion and fear (Sp. caos)
Fill in the gaps with a word or phrase:
The Grid’s promotion of appliances helped balance ____the load________ but they also had much wider social consequences
In the 1930s, you _might have had______ something between 20 and 30 % of women’s employment actually in domestic service essentially,
and by the __mid to late_________ ‘50s, that had virtually disappeared,
so what actually happened over this period was that at the same time as all households ___were acquiring____________ domestic equipment so middle class households were losing their servants
Middle class women ended up doing a lot more domestic work than they __had done previously___
“Have any idea the work there is to do in this house? Stairs to sweep,
hall __to polish_____________
clothes to wash, and not even a __daily_____________”
Pushing the __hoover_______________ was harder than never _lifting a finger_________
but for working class women it beat __a dustpan and brush______ hands down.
“I was very keen to help other people to lead a different type of life, not so involved in ___Drudgery_______ in the home but rather giving them more freedom to choose whether they wanted to have leisure activities
or whether they wanted to go out and ___pursue a career____ and they could do if they actually cut some of the jobs that they’d had to do in the past”.
“By the 1960s it was a much much more egalitarian society. Working class women and middle class women were doing pretty much the same amount of __core domestic work_______, that’s cooking and cleaning and laundry”
And by the 1990s, improvements in domestic equipment had helped halve the time spent on ___household chores____ by women of all classes.
“The washing machine too is a great saving and I wouldn’t be without it now. Bob’s never learnt to switch on and he’s never learnt to _iron either__”
“Gender equality happens much slower than class equality. The difference between men’s and women’s unpaid work has probably halved over the last 40 years and we’re probably 40 years off -you know, two generations- of full equality still. There seem to be universal norms that prohibit __male laundry_____”.
But if some men were ___wary of__ domestic appliances then there was one electrical gadget that did hold an irresistible appeal.
“I even had an ___electric drill_______ thanks to my wife’s insistence on home improvements”.
Rising home ownership and a __scarcity of______ tradesmen kick-started a DIY epidemic. Do It Yourself magazine, “For the practical man about the house” was born in 1957 and the premier work tool was the electric drill.
“On one occasion I actually did use a power drill and go straight through an electric wire which _caused mayhem_____ because it happened on Christmas Eve and led to a whole series of domestic problems which we hadn’t anticipated”.
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