Outcomes Advanced p 89. AIR POLLUTION, HEALTH AND TRANSPORT . Extra MC Cloze

Far more people are suffering from asthma than have been previously documented. Pollution originating from exhaust (1) _____ , factory emissions and even smoking are reportedly leading to (2) _____ air quality which in turn is (3) _____ asthma symptoms. With more and more cars on the roads, we cannot deny (4) _____ more exposed to ever greater levels of air pollution. As a consequence, human respiratory health is being negatively impacted, with many of those living in residential areas close to busy roads becoming more (5) _____ asthma. As more and more of us are taking to the roads, the key focus perhaps should be the promotion of cleaner fuels and vehicles that produce lower (6) _____ . However, the only way motorists will contemplate using either of them is if they are considered (7) _____ an affordable and therefore viable option. Simultaneously, motorists should be discouraged from making unnecessary journeys. If greater (8) _____ were offered for car-sharing with colleagues or using park-and-ride schemes, more people (9) _____ to use these schemes. Although in all fairness, it would not do any harm for public transport systems to be re-examined, as relying on them can be somewhat tough going and, in some parts of the country, the service provided is simply (10) _____ for people’s needs, which is why more people drive.

1 A gases                    B smoke          C fumes          D smog

2 A downturning         B degrading     C failing          D deteriorating

3 A provoking                        B triggering      C generating    D activating

4 A to being                B to be                        C being           D for to be

5 Ainclined to                         Bdisposed towards C accustomed to D prone to

6 Aemissions              B releases        C excretions    D exhalations

7 A to be                     B be                C being           D to being

8 A motives                B pressures      C incitements D incentives

9 A can be inclined     B are inclined C will be inclined D would be inclined

10 A scarce                 B incomplete   C inadequate   D lacking

KEY

1 C 

2 D 

3 B 

4 C 

5 D 

6 A 

7 A 

8 D 

9 D 

10 C

 

Outcomes Advanced p88. Health. Extra Vocabulary

https://www.macmillandictionary.com/thesaurus-category/british/medical-tests-and-examinations


amniocentesis noun

a test carried out on liquid taken from a pregnant woman’s womb in order to find out if the baby has any medical problems

autopsy noun

a medical examination of a dead person’s body to find out why they died

biopsy noun

a medical test in which cells are taken from your body and examined to find out if they are healthy

blood test noun

a medical test in which a small amount of blood is taken from someone and tested to see if it shows any disease, drugs etc in the body

CAT scan noun

a medical test in which computer technology is used for producing an image of the inside of a part of your body, or the image that is produced in this way

cervical smear noun

British a medical test in which cells are taken from a woman’s cervix to check for cancer. The American word is Pap smear.

check noun

an examination of someone to find out whether they are healthy

check-up noun

an examination by a doctor or dentist to make sure that you are healthy

controlled trial noun

British a scientific test of a drug in which the results from one group of people who take the drug are compared with the results from another group of people who do not take it

CT scan noun

a CAT scan

diagnosis noun

a statement about what disease someone has, based on examining them

EEG noun

electroencephalogram: a medical test of electrical activity in the brain

exam noun

American a medical examination

examination noun

an occasion when a doctor looks carefully at someone’s body to make certain they are healthy

mammogram noun

a photograph of a woman’s breast taken using X-rays in order to discover whether she has breast cancer

mammography noun

the process of x-raying a woman’s breast in order to discover whether she has breast cancer

medical noun

British a complete examination of your body by a doctor

medical examination noun

an examination of your body by a doctor to find out if you have any health problems

MRI scan noun

a medical test in which images are made of the organs inside your body, or the image that is produced in this way. MRI is a short form of magnetic resonance imaging.

Pap smear noun

American a cervical smear

PET scan noun

a medical test which uses radiation and computer technology to produce detailed three-dimensional images showing how well tissues inside the body are working, or an image that is produced in this way. PET is a short form of positron emission tomography.

physical noun

a physical examination

physical examination noun

a medical examination to find out whether someone is healthy enough to do something such as a particular job

positive noun

a medical test result that shows someone has the disease or condition that was tested for. A false positive is a result that shows you have a disease or condition when you really do not have it.

postmortem noun

a medical examination of a dead body to find out why the person died

preventive medicine noun

medical examinations, treatments, advice etc intended to prevent illness or discover it before it becomes serious

scan noun

a medical test that uses a special piece of equipment to produce a picture of the inside of your body

scan noun

a medical test that uses a special piece of equipment to produce a picture of a developing baby inside a pregnant woman

screening noun

tests done to check someone for a particular disease

self-examination noun

the process of checking parts of your own body for signs of disease

smear noun

British a smear test

smear test noun

British a medical test in which a doctor takes cells from the entrance to a woman’s womb (=the part of her body where a baby grows) to check for cancer. A smear test is often simply called a smear and doctors usually call it a cervical smear.

stress test noun

medical a test that is used to find out if a person has a particular health problem

swab noun

a small amount of a body substance that has been removed from someone’s body with a swab

test noun

an examination of a part of your body or of a substance taken from your body

tracing noun

medical a process in which a substance is passed through someone’s body to show where a problem is

ultrasound noun

a way of producing an image of an organ inside someone’s body using sound waves

X-ray noun

a picture of the bones or organs inside someone’s body taken using X-rays

Outcomes Advanced p 85. Ways to Save Time. Listening

Are the statements true (T) or false (F)?
1. The student sometimes makes notes from a test
2. Two of the women use microwaves to save time
3. One man says lists help him divide up the day.
4. One woman saves time by always reading the instructions on how to assemble furniture.
5. One woman says it's a waste of time to call a technology expert to fix your problems.
6. One man says using the phone often wastes time.




KEY
1 F (from a text)



2 T



3 T



4 F (but she thinks it would be a good idea)



5 F (she thinks it's a good idea)



6 F (but he does say that making all your phone calls at once saves time)

Vocabulary
skip: to leave out something that would normally be the next thing that you would do, read, etc. E.g.
You can skip the next chapter if you have covered the topic in class. I suggest we skip to the last item on the agenda.




bullet point: an item in a list in a document, that is printed with a square, diamond or circle in front of it in order to show that it is important. The square, etc. is also called a bullet point. E.g. use bullet points to remind you what to say.



Tupperware
/ˈtʌpəweə(r)/

have your hands full: to be very busy or too busy to do something else. E.g. She certainly has her hands full with four kids in the house. 




shortcut:: 1. a quicker or shorter way of getting to a place. E.g. You can take a shortcut across the field. 2. a way of doing something that is quicker than the usual way. E.g. There are no shortcuts to economic recovery. There are no shortcuts when it comes to fitness. 

not somebody’s cup of tea

(informal) not what somebody likes or is interested in. E.g. An evening at the opera isn't everyone's cup of tea. He's nice enough but not really my cup of tea. 







in one go: all together on one occasion. E.g. I'd rather do the journey in one go, and not stop on the way. They ate the packet of biscuits all in one go.






tick something off: to put a mark (✓) beside a name or an item on a list to show that something has been dealt with. E.g. I’ve ticked off the names of all those present. It’s a good idea to tick off the jobs on the list as you do them.




mind (you): used to add something to what you have just said, especially something that makes it less strong. Having said that. E.g. I've heard they're getting divorced. Mind you, I'm not surprised—they were always arguing. The meal was fantastic -- expensive, mind you! He can be very disorganized. Mind you, I'm no better. He's very ​untidy about the ​house; mind you, I'm not much ​better. I ​know I'm ​lazy - I did go ​swimming ​yesterday, mind.




procrastinate:  /prəʊˈkræstɪneɪt/ to delay doing something that you should do, usually because you do not want to do it. E.g. People were dying of starvation while governments procrastinated.

bound to do something: certain to happen. E.g. You've done so much work—you're bound to pass the exam.



flat-pack: a piece of furniture that is sold in pieces in a flat box and that you have to build yourself. E.g. You can buy the kitchen as a flat-pack for self-assembly. 



glance: to look quickly at something/somebody. E.g. She glanced at her watch. 




embark on/upon something: (formal) to start to do something new or difficult. E.g. She is about to embark on a diplomatic career. Remember these basic rules before embarking upon major home improvements.

in the long run: at a ​time that is ​far away in the ​future. E.g. This measure inevitably means higher taxes in the long run. It ​seems a lot of ​effort but I'm ​sure it's the ​best ​solution in the ​long run.

catch sb. out: 1. to surprise somebody and put them in a difficult position. E.g. Many investors were caught out by the fall in share prices. 2. to show that somebody does not know much or is doing something wrong. E.g. They tried to catch her out with a difficult question.

time-consuming: taking or needing a lot of time. E.g. a difficult and time-consuming process. It’s quite time-consuming having to check all the labels individually. 

sort out: to deal with somebody’s/your own problems successfully. E.g. If you can wait a moment, I'll sort it all out for you. You load up the car and I'll sort the kids out. 

fee: amount of money.

Outcomes Advanced p 85. MY WORK ETHIC. Extra Cloze

MY WORK ETHIC

Working to support myself at university did, on reflection, stand me in good (1) __________ for life after graduation. I’ve never been one to skive (2) __________ anything and have already crammed as much into each day as I could. I guess I’ve always been someone who takes things in their (3) __________ and snapped up any opportunity that has come my way. Looking back, I feel a great (4) __________ of self-respect for getting myself through my studies without incurring any debts but I’ll admit it wasn’t always plain sailing. The reality that I needed to improve my time management only really occurred to me, for example, after I scraped (5) __________ my first year exams. Ultimately, though, I think personality has (6) __________ a huge role in my success. I’ve always been the kind of person to take pleasure (7) __________ whatever I do, whether it’s for work or play. Sometimes people have been surprised (8) __________ my ability to manage my time so effectively and have also asked (9) __________ I get my energy from. I think most of it I (10) __________’ve inherited from my parents. Their work ethic and attitude towards life have, I feel, had a great impact (11) __________ me and steered me down the path I’ve since taken. When they first emigrated here, they had nothing but now they’re the proud owners of a successful restaurant downtown. They’ve always taken great (12) __________ in what they do and have taught me always to (13) __________ the best of things. They also taught me never to take (14) __________ for an answer – which is something, I think, that has opened far more doors than I will ever fully appreciate.

KEY

1. stead 

stand somebody in good stead

to be useful or helpful to somebody when needed. E.g. Your languages will stand you in good stead when it comes to finding a job.

2 off 

skive: to avoid work or school by staying away or leaving early. E.g.  ‘Where's Tom?’ ‘Skiving as usual.’ skive off She always skives off early on Fridays. I always skived off school when I could. skive something I skived the last lecture.

3 stride 

4 sense 

5 through 

scrape through | scrape through something /skreɪp/

to succeed in doing something with difficulty, especially in passing an exam. E.g. I might scrape through the exam if I'm lucky.

6 played 

7 in 

  pleasure (in something/in doing something) He takes no pleasure in his work.

8 by/at 

9 where 

10 must 

11 on 

12 pride 

13 make 

make the best of something/it, make the best of things, make the best of a bad job

to accept a bad or difficult situation and do as well as you can

14 no