C1.2A Class Google Site:
https://sites.google.com/eoipalma.com/c12a/homeC1.2B Class Google Site:
Ready for C1 p 24. KPop Demon Hunters Smash of the Summer. Verb Form Gap Fill
VERB FORM GAP FILL. Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the verb that best fits each space using the correct verb form affirmative or negative. There are TWO extra verbs you will not need. The activity begins with an example (0).
be,come across, occupy, defeat, release, become, stream, lead, struggle, do, harm
KPop Demon Hunters Smash of the Summer
School is out, young audiences (0) are available, and yet still, Hollywood animation is having a bad summer at the box office. In contrast to last year, when Inside Out 2 and Despicable Me 4 (1) two of the season’s top three, it seems entirely possible that not a single fully animated movie will hit the top 10. To make things worse, the Disney-Pixar original Elio (2) by “live-action” remakes of Lilo & Stitch and How to Train Your Dragon.
With younger audiences guided toward those movies, Netflix has somehow managed to have its biggest animated movie ever: KPop Demon Hunters. This movie is about three women who form a pop group while moonlighting as, yes, demon hunters. It (3) in June – on the same weekend as Elio, no less – and it (4) a major phenomenon.
Animation seems like a safe bet. On a per-person basis, (5) a new cartoon is the most affordable option. But even after hiring film-makers from major animation studios, the streamers (6) with original material. So why did KPop Demon Hunters break through?
KPop uses bright, shifting animation inspired by comic books and anime. But though KPop Demon Hunters has some adult themes and scary monsters, it’s also aimed at young people. The movie repackages K-pop for an even-broader audience of native English speakers (something K-pop itself (7) for years at this point).
As with many superhero hits, probably the movie’s success (8) to numerous sequels and renewed enthusiasm for streaming animation. In the wake of so many sequels, KPop Demon Hunters is a reminder that kids in particular hunger for novelty, probably more so than their nostalgic adult counterparts.
KEY
0 ARE
1 OCCUPIED
2 HAS BEEN DEFEATED/WAS DEFEATED
3 WAS RELEASED
4 HAS BECOME/BECAME
5 STREAMING
6 HAVE STRUGGLED / ARE STRUGGLING
7 HAS BEEN DOING
8 WILL LEAD
Ready for C1 p 105. Health. Phrasal Verbs
BREAK OUT
Start suddenly
“Her skin broke out in a rash after eating strawberries.”
CLEAR UP
Disappear; go away (illness, infection)
“The doctor prescribed an ointment to clear up the rash.”
COME TO / ROUND
Regain consciousness
“When Emily came to / came round, she was in hospital.”
COME / GO DOWN (with)
Contract or catch an illness (cold, flu, etc.)
“You’re sneezing. Are you coming down with a cold?”
FIGHT OFF
Struggle to resist an illness
“I’ve been fighting off a cold all week.”
FLARE UP
Suddenly start again or become worse
“My arthritis has flared up again. It’s very painful.”
GET OVER
Start feeling well again after an illness
“My son caught a stomach virus but he got over it.”
HOLD / KEEP DOWN
Retain (food); not vomit
“The worst is over. He’s starting to hold down his food.”
PASS AWAY / PASS ON
Die (a less harsh way of talking about death)
“The Queen passed away / on peacefully at her home.”
PASS ON (something)
Transmit an illness or virus
“I hope Jack doesn’t pass on his cold to the whole team!”
PASS OUT
Faint; lose consciousness for a short time
“The intern passed out when he saw all the blood!”
PICK UP
Get or contract an illness from someone or something
“Laura picked up a virus during a business trip.”
PULL THROUGH
Recover from an illness or injuries
“Paul is badly injured but he’ll pull through.”
SHAKE OFF
Get rid of an infection or illness
“I’ve had a headache all day that I just can’t shake off.”
SWELL UP
Increase in volume or size
“His wrist started to swell up; it was probably broken.”
THROW UP
Vomit; retch; be sick
“I don’t feel well; I think I’m going to throw up!”
COME AROUND / COME ROUND
Feel better; recover from illness or bad mood
"She was really ill yesterday, but she's coming around now."
BRING UP
Vomit; regurgitate food
"The baby brought up his milk after feeding."
WEAR OFF
Gradually disappear or stop (effects of medicine/anesthesia)
"The painkiller is starting to wear off; I need another dose."
PASS (something) TO
Infect someone else with an illness
"Make sure you wash your hands so you don't pass the flu to others."
BUILD UP
Increase gradually (strength, immunity, resistance)
"You need to build up your strength after surgery."
COME OUT IN
Develop spots, rash, etc. on skin
"The child came out in spots—it might be chickenpox."
WARD OFF
Prevent or keep away (illness)
"Vitamin C helps ward off colds."
LAY UP
Force to stay in bed due to illness/injury (usually passive)
"He was laid up with a broken leg for six weeks."
TAKE TO
Be confined to (bed, wheelchair)
"My grandmother has taken to her bed with the flu."
LOOK AFTER
Take care of (oneself or others)
"You need to look after yourself and get some rest."
DIALOGUE PROMPTS
1. Have you or someone you know ever had a serious health scare? What happened?
2. What do you do to stay healthy and prevent illness?
3. How do healthcare systems in different countries compare in your experience?
DIALOGUE: At a Coffee Shop
Sarah: Hey Tom! I haven't seen you in ages. How have you been?
Tom: Hi Sarah! Well, to be honest, I've been better. I actually came down with a nasty virus about three weeks ago, and I'm only just starting to get over it now.
Sarah: Oh no, that sounds awful! What symptoms did you have?
Tom: It started with a high fever, and then my whole body began swelling up—especially my joints. I couldn't even hold a cup properly! At one point, I actually passed out in my kitchen.
Sarah: You passed out? That must have been terrifying! Did someone find you?
Tom: Thankfully, yes. My flatmate heard the crash when I fell. When I came round, I was lying on the floor with him calling an ambulance. I don't remember much about it, honestly.
Sarah: I can't even imagine how scary that must have been for both of you. Were you hospitalized?
Tom: Just overnight for observation. The doctors were worried I might not pull through at first because my fever was dangerously high, but the antibiotics kicked in quickly. The worst part was that I couldn't keep anything down for days—every time I tried to eat, I'd throw up within minutes.
Sarah: That's dreadful. You must have felt so weak. How are you managing now?
Tom: Much better, thanks. Though I have to admit, this whole experience has really made me rethink how I look after myself. I used to think I could just fight off any illness without much trouble, but this one really knocked me down.
Sarah: I completely understand. Sometimes it takes a health scare to make us take things seriously. Are you doing anything differently now?
Tom: Absolutely. I've been trying to build up my immunity—eating better, taking vitamins, that sort of thing. My doctor said I need to ward off future infections by strengthening my immune system. She also mentioned that stress might have made me more vulnerable to picking up the virus in the first place.
Sarah: That makes sense. Stress can really compromise your health, can't it? Actually, speaking of stress, do you remember my colleague Jenny? She broke out in hives last month from work pressure.
Tom: Really? How did that happen?
Sarah: She'd been working 12-hour days for weeks, barely sleeping. One morning, she woke up and her face and arms had come out in these red, itchy welts. She was mortified because she had an important presentation that day.
Tom: Poor thing! Did the rash clear up quickly?
Sarah: It took about a week with antihistamines and steroid cream. But here's the thing—her doctor warned her that if she didn't reduce her stress levels, the condition would keep flaring up. Stress-related conditions can be so stubborn to shake off, apparently.
Tom: I believe it. My aunt has eczema that flares up whenever she's anxious. She's been trying to manage it for years.
Sarah: It's such a vicious cycle, isn't it? You're stressed, which makes you ill, which makes you more stressed. By the way, how's your family doing? Is everyone healthy?
Tom: Well, actually, my father came down with COVID again last week. Third time now! We're all worried because at his age, these things are more serious.
Sarah: Oh dear, I'm so sorry to hear that. Is he doing alright?
Tom: He's stable, thank goodness. The doctor says he should get over it within a week or so. But we're being extra careful because we don't want him to pass it on to my mum—she's immunocompromised after her cancer treatment last year.
Sarah: Of course. That must be incredibly stressful for all of you. How's your mum's recovery going, if you don't mind me asking?
Tom: No, not at all. She's been doing remarkably well, actually. The chemotherapy was brutal—she was laid up for months and lost all her hair. But she's a fighter. The doctors weren't sure if she'd pull through at first, but she proved them wrong.
Sarah: She sounds like an incredibly strong woman. I'm so glad she's recovering.
Tom: Thank you. It's been a difficult year for our family. Actually, we lost my uncle in February. He passed away quite suddenly from a heart attack.
Sarah: I'm so sorry for your loss, Tom. That must have been devastating.
Tom: It was. He was only 58. It really makes you think about your own health, you know? I've started exercising regularly and eating better because I don't want to end up in the same situation. Prevention is so much better than cure.
Sarah: Absolutely. I couldn't agree more. I've been trying to do the same thing. Ever since I picked up that terrible stomach bug on holiday in Thailand two years ago, I've been much more careful about what I eat and drink when traveling.
Tom: Oh, I remember you telling me about that! You were really ill, weren't you?
Sarah: I was in bed for a week, unable to hold down even water. The hotel doctor had to give me IV fluids because I was so dehydrated. It took me nearly a month to fully get over it and feel like myself again.
Tom: Travel illnesses can be so unpredictable. Did they ever figure out what caused it?
Sarah: They think it was contaminated water. The thing is, I was being careful, or so I thought! But these things can happen anywhere. You just have to hope your body can fight off whatever you're exposed to.
Tom: True. Though I must say, having been through my recent health crisis, I have a newfound appreciation for modern medicine. The medication they gave me really helped clear up the infection quickly.
Sarah: Modern medicine is incredible, isn't it? Though I do think the effects of painkillers wear off too quickly sometimes. When I had my wisdom teeth removed, I was constantly watching the clock for my next dose.
Tom: I know what you mean. The anesthesia wore off so fast after my procedure that I was in agony within an hour.
Sarah: Anyway, Tom, I'm just really glad you're feeling better now. You gave us all quite a scare!
Tom: Thanks, Sarah. I appreciate your concern. I'm definitely taking better care of myself these days. How about we grab lunch sometime next week? I'd love to catch up properly when I'm feeling completely back to normal.
Sarah: That sounds perfect! Just promise me you won't pass on any viruses!
Tom: Ha! I promise. I wouldn't wish this experience on anyone.
Ready for C1 p 20. THE FUTURE OF HUMAN CREATIVITY. VERB FORM GAP FILL.
Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the verb that best fits each space using the correct verb form of the verbs below. There are TWO extra verbs you will not need. The activity begins with an example (0).
affect
confine
arise
grapple with
mimic
raise
win
remain
reshape
undergo
THE FUTURE OF HUMAN CREATIVITY
Few developments in recent history (0) have reshaped the collective imagination as much as artificial intelligence. What once (1) to science fiction has now entered classrooms, studios, and boardrooms alike. Entire creative industries (2) transformation, as algorithms compose, design, and even edit faster than any human ever could. Not until the first AI-generated novel (3) a literary prize did society begin to question the nature of authorship itself. Were machines to perfect emotional imitation, what, then, (4) distinctly human about art? Some argue that true creativity lies in imperfection — in the tension between intention and error. Others insist that AI merely reflects our collective patterns and biases, nothing more. Yet, as systems move towards (5) creativity itself, that distinction grows increasingly fragile. Philosophers warn that if we fail to adapt, we may soon find ourselves spectators of our own culture. Only after humanity finds the way (6) the implications of its inventions will the balance between innovation and meaning be restored — if it ever can. In the meantime, a question (7) with renewed urgency: will creativity be something we express, or something we delegate? Whatever the outcome, future generations will inevitably inherit a world that has been altered beyond recognition.
KEY
0 HAVE RESHAPED
1 WAS CONFINED
2 HAVE UNDERGONE / ARE UNDERGOING
3 HAD WON / WON
4 WOULD REMAIN
5 MIMICKING
6 TO GRAPPLE WITH
7 ARISES
Ready for C1 p 21. Taking Difficult Decisions. Sentence Selection Listening
Speaker 1
1. She thought that they should split up in order to preserve their relationship.
2. She suggests that when going through a rough patch it is better to take decisions on the spur of the moment.
Speaker 2
3. He suggests spending time mulling things over before reaching a decision.
4. His decision to study at university was brought about by his desire to prove other people wrong.
Speaker 3
5. After his initial excitement he experienced a period of self-doubt.
6. He recommends consulting your acquaintances before arriving at a major decision.
Speaker 4
7. She encourages people to seek professional advice if needed.
8. She felt bored and frustrated with routine.
Speaker 5
9. Before coming to a decision he advises obtaining information from various sources.
10. He intends to strike a work-life balance
KEY
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. T
6. F (people who have worked alongside you)
7. T
8. T
9. T
10. F (opted to cut process food out of his diet)
Fate versus destiny:
Fate and destiny are often used interchangeably, but they traditionally carry different meanings. Here’s the simplest way to understand the distinction:
Fate
Fixed outcome — events are predetermined and unchangeable.
Often implies limitations or an unavoidable end.
Suggests that no matter what you do, the result will be the same.
Associated with inevitability and sometimes powerlessness.
Fate is what happens to you.
Example:
“It was her fate to meet that end.”
More sample sentences with “Fate”
She refused to accept her fate and kept fighting for a better life.
He felt he couldn’t escape his fate, no matter how hard he tried.
No one can truly predict fate, though many try.
The accident would ultimately decide his fate in court.
Some people believe the universe can control your fate, while others don’t.
She tried to defy fate, choosing a different path than everyone expected
With courage in her eyes, she stepped forward to face her fate, whatever it might be.
The old prophecy warned that if you entered the forest, you would meet your fate before sunrise.
No matter how far you travel, you cannot avoid your fate forever.
Destiny
Potential outcome — something you are meant to achieve, but you must act to reach it.
Emphasizes purpose, growth, and choice.
You participate in shaping it; your actions matter.
More hopeful and empowering.
Destiny is what you create with your choices.
Example:
“He worked hard to fulfil his destiny.”
More sample sentences with "destiny"
You have the power to shape your own destiny through the choices you make every day.
She refused to follow tradition and decided to create her own destiny.
Only when you take responsibility for your actions can you truly control your own destiny.
He worked tirelessly to build his own destiny, despite the obstacles.
No one else can determine your own destiny—that is your journey alone.
Sometimes you must take risks if you want to forge your own destiny.
They believed that education would help them define their own destiny.
Only when you stop letting others define your path can you truly decide your own destiny.
“fate” and “destiny” in a sentence:
Here’s a sentence that uses both “fate” and “destiny” and makes the difference between them crystal clear:
“Fate placed obstacles in her path, but her destiny was shaped by how she chose to overcome them.”
Fate is shown as something external and predetermined (the obstacles she had no control over).
Destiny is shown as something she creates through her choices and actions
Ready for C1 p 86. How Education Is Changing in the Modern World. Speaking Interaction
Alex:
Hi Maya, did you see that article about how education needs to change in the 21st century?
Maya:
Yes, I did! It really got me thinking. Honestly, I completely agree with the point about critical thinking. Learning by heart just isn’t enough anymore.
Alex:
Absolutely. It’s shocking how many schools still rely on rote learning. I mean, when was the last time knowing a list of dates really helped in real life?
Maya:
Exactly! It’s far more useful to teach students how to evaluate information and think independently. Especially with all the fake news and misinformation online.
Alex:
Totally. And speaking of that, I also think digital literacy should be a core part of the curriculum. It's quite surprising that it isn’t already in most schools.
Maya:
Isn’t it just? You’d think it would be standard by now. But I suppose some schools still lack the funding. Still, we can’t afford to ignore technology in education any longer.
Alex:
True. On the other hand, I do wonder if we’re relying too heavily on technology. I mean, don’t you think there’s still something valuable about face-to-face learning?
Maya:
That’s a fair point. Online learning has its benefits, but it can’t replace the human interaction you get in a classroom. There needs to be a balance.
Alex:
Exactly. And what’s your take on the idea of lifelong learning?
Maya:
I’m totally in favour of it. In fact, I’d say it’s essential. With everything changing so quickly, we really have to keep picking up new skills throughout our lives.
Alex:
I couldn’t agree more. Honestly, the idea that you stop learning when you graduate just doesn’t hold water anymore.
Maya:
Yeah, and it takes a lot of pressure off young people if they realise they don’t have to have everything sorted out by 18 or 21.
Alex:
That’s so true. It’s actually quite reassuring.
Maya:
Definitely. And it also encourages people to take ownership of their own development, which I think is really empowering.
Alex:
Totally agree. So, overall, do you reckon the education system is heading in the right direction?
Maya:
Well, there’s progress in some areas, but I think there’s still a long way to go. What do you think?
Alex:
Yeah, I’d say the same. Some schools are moving forward, but others are stuck in the past. Hopefully, more systems will start to adapt soon.
Maya:
Fingers crossed. If we want to prepare students for the future, the education system has to evolve, no doubt about it.
Ready for C1 p 86. The Evolving Role of Education in the 21st Century. Essay
Education plays a vital role in both personal growth and society as a whole. However, as the world continues to evolve rapidly, education systems must adapt to meet new demands. In this essay, I will explore how education should promote critical thinking, encourage lifelong learning, and embrace technological advances to remain relevant in the 21st century.
Traditionally, schools focused on memorising facts and repeating information. Although this approach had some benefits, it is no longer suitable in today’s fast-changing world. Students now need to develop the ability to think independently, solve real-life problems, and assess information from different sources. Rather than simply taking in knowledge, learners must be taught how to question and apply it. If schools fail to nurture these skills, young people may struggle to succeed in modern society.
Another key development is the growing importance of lifelong learning. These days, people rarely stay in the same job for life, and new skills are needed more often than ever. For this reason, education should encourage students to become independent learners who are keen to continue learning outside of school. Furthermore, employers now seek workers who are adaptable, open-minded, and committed to personal growth. Therefore, education must go beyond academic knowledge and foster curiosity and a love of learning.
In addition, modern education should take full advantage of digital tools. Thanks to technological progress, learning is more accessible and engaging than ever before. For example, online learning platforms, interactive software, and virtual classrooms allow students to learn at their own pace, from almost anywhere. Not only does this improve access, but it also caters to a range of learning styles. That said, it is essential that both teachers and students receive proper training in order to use these tools effectively and responsibly.
To conclude, the education system must continue to move with the times to prepare students for life in a constantly changing world. By focusing on critical thinking, supporting lifelong learning, and making the most of digital technology, we can equip young people not only for exams but also for the future. Ultimately, a modern education system should empower the next generation to thrive
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